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● What Is Interpretation?
It means translating in real time between speakers of two different languages. The importance of this type of translation stands out in international conferences, whether political or economic, and it also has its own special importance in covering global events.
Our interpreters at Translation Arena possess all the skills necessary to achieve accurate interpretation, which are:
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● The Interpreter’s Skills
Everything the interpreter must possess to deliver accurate and effective interpretation 1
No one is unaware that the interpreter needs a good linguistic repertoire and broad knowledge of the languages he aims to translate from and into, so that his translation bears the marks of professional translation and is accurate and correct. All specialists in the types of interpretation emphasize how essential it is for the interpreter to have depth in linguistic ability in order to translate correctly.
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Specialists also emphasize that analysis is the foremost strategy the interpreter uses in legal interpretation (courts) and medical translation. In these two types, analysis is an essential part of the translation process rather than an additional tactic, as analyzing words before translating them increases the efficiency of the translation and its ability to retain the original meaning of the text.
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There is no doubt that effective interpretation also requires effective listening skills. There is a term widespread among researchers called “Active Listening,” one of the listening skills that must be present in the professional interpreter. It consists of the ability to recall information and think quickly and effectively during the translation process. Some hold that memory and comprehension are two paired faces that cannot be separated, each depending on the other. For example, having a good memory is very important for one who interprets in judicial matters, and he must remember and include in the second (target) language everything related to the linguistic elements. He also cannot ignore information that carries a connotation or meaning, such as silence, or the use of vague or two-meaning words; he must include them in the target language in order to achieve legal equivalence with the source language.
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Interpersonal skills, especially communication skills, are an essential condition for the success of translators across their various specializations. Although they are not limited to a particular type of translation, their importance stands out in some types more than others. For example, interpreters of medical and social matters are in direct contact with the parties involved, unlike conference interpreters who do most of their work in a distant corner, addressing and conversing with bureaucrats in an inexpressive voice. Nevertheless, some conferences involve direct contact between the interpreters and the conference participants.
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Indeed, the interpreter’s conduct has a great impact on his work in all types of translation, especially in legal and medical matters. Some authors and writers describe the delicate situations that can arise in state conferences, requiring the interpreter to understand his role and exercise good and sound judgment. On the other hand, the medical interpreter must pay attention to the importance of preserving patients’ privacy and observe this in his interpretation work.
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This skill is one of the most important skills that concern the interpreter, as its importance lies in its connection to appearing before large crowds at public occasions such as conferences, press conferences, and general assemblies. Even if the venue is quiet and free of noise, the interpreter still needs such skills to convey his ideas clearly. Speaking skills are characterized by a clear voice and the choice of appropriate terms, vocabulary, and sentences. In short, everything the interpreter produces is extremely important to the success and effectiveness of the interpretation.
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To be a professional, the interpreter must be fully aware of and well-versed in cultural and civilizational differences, customs, and traditions. This is clearly evident in some subjects such as medical and social translation, as well as law and court translation, where the interpreter specializing in these types must take the cultural dimension into account. Likewise, the conference interpreter does not consider himself merely a linguist but also a cultural intermediary.
● A Bridge Between Cultures
In short, the interpreter must bridge the gap between culture and the concepts that hinder participants in their meetings. Interpretation—or as it is called, oral translation—has become a common and important activity, and it is now, in these days, an integral part of human interaction and communication at all levels.
● Types of Interpretation
One of the most well-known and most accurate types of translation at present, it is also of great importance in overcoming the obstacles of communication between individuals of different languages. It includes many types, some defined by the mode of delivery as their primary form, and others focusing more on the setting or the material being discussed. Below is the detail of that:
Simultaneous Interpreting — The translation into the second language (Target Language) takes place at the same time the message or material is produced in the source language (the “Source Language”). The interpreter is isolated in a specific place and speaks at the same time as the speaker, and therefore cannot memorize or write down what is said. He works on translating the speech piece by piece, delivering the portion he has understood, then tries to analyze and understand the next idea.
In this case, the interpreter waits until the speaker finishes speaking, then begins to translate, so he has enough time to analyze the idea as a whole, which allows him to understand the meaning easily. But this does not mean that the translation process in this case is easy, since the interpreter’s presence beside the speaker in the same physical space and his waiting until the speaker finishes before beginning to translate mean that he is speaking to listeners face to face. Thus the interpreter in fact becomes a speaker, which obliges him to master the communication skills mentioned earlier.
Also known as (whispering, Chuchotage), its importance appears when simultaneous interpretation equipment is unavailable and one of the participants is speaking, whereupon the interpreter whispers, in sync with the speaker, into the ear of those who need the interpretation.
It gives participants in a multinational meeting the ability to communicate easily, overcoming the language barrier among them. Although most conferences currently run on simultaneous interpretation, it is essential that interpreters be prepared to perform consecutive interpretation as well.
It differs from conference interpreting in that it takes place in small meetings; the difference between them is the size of the gathering.
One of the types of interpretation provided especially for officials, businesspeople, investors, observers, and the like who conduct field visits. This type is characterized by spontaneity and variety, as the interpreter sometimes finds himself in an official meeting, or perhaps a visit to a factory, or at a private party. The form of interpretation used in this type is most often consecutive interpretation.
This interpretation is performed at press conferences, public meetings, and interviews, as well as in films, videotapes, video-conferences, and radio and television programs.
Also known as remote interpreting, it takes place over telephone calls, which are sometimes accompanied by video as well, where the interpreter and speaker are in the same place. This interpretation is often used in the fields of medicine, social service, business administration, and legal matters. At present, telephone interpretation is done consecutively, but with the development of communication technology, simultaneous interpretation will become the most in demand.
This type is also known as “cultural interpreting,” and it means the interpretation that enables people who do not speak the official language of the country fluently to converse and communicate with public-service sector staff, to facilitate access to legal, health, educational, governmental, and social services. Some writers consider community interpreting an umbrella encompassing court interpreting and medical interpreting, while others (legal interpreters primarily) consider it a completely separate and self-standing branch. The form used in community interpreting is simultaneous interpretation, not—as some claim—that consecutive interpretation is the most suitable.
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